| 1. | The incredible success of quantum electrodynamics raises the question .
量子电动力学惊人的成功引起了这一问题。 |
| 2. | To treat the problem fully requires the use of quantum electrodynamics .
完整地讨论这个问题需要应用量子电动力学。 |
| 3. | Out of quantum electrodynamics come all known electrical, mechanical, and chemical laws .
从量子电动力学可以得出所有已知的电学、力学和化学定律。 |
| 4. | An advanced knowledge of quantum electrodynamics
高级量子电气学知识 |
| 5. | Quantum electrodynamics , qed
量子电动力学 |
| 6. | " for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics , with deep - ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles
在量子电动力学方面取得对粒子物理学产生深远影响的研究成果 |
| 7. | The active aspects include ion traps , nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) technique , quantum electrodynamics cavities , josephons junctions , and semiconductors quantum dots
主要包括离子阱、核磁共振、量子电动力学腔、约瑟夫结和半导体量子点。 |
| 8. | Abstract : based on the enhanced effect of spontaneous emission in cavity quantum electrodynamics , the microcavity effect of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers ( vcsels ) is analyzed , and the results obtained in ordinary open cavities and in three - dimensional closed cavities are compared
文摘:依据腔量子电动力学中自发辐射增强效应，分析了垂直腔面发射半导体激光器的微腔效应，比较了普通开腔和三维封闭腔中的结果。 |
| 9. | Bfs sensitively probes inter - electron correlation , relativistic and quantum electrodynamics corrections , so it can be used to test the basic many - body atomic theory or interpret spectra from space . the main contents of this dissertation are as follows : 1 the history and development of beam - foil spectroscopy are reviewed , and the characteristics of bfs are also described . the main applications in the spectroscopic studies and lifetime measurement of highly ionized ions are summarized
本文对高离化态cu和ge离子的光谱进行实验研究，得到了一些新的实验结果，论文的主要内容如下： 1回顾了束箔光谱法的发展历史，介绍了束箔光谱法的优点；总结了束箔光谱法在高离化态原子能级研究，高离化态原子能级寿命测量等方面的主要用途。 |
| 10. | In this thesis we discuss these three aspects in detail and our main research work is outlined as follows : in section 2 we first give a definition of entanglement and illustrate some distinctive qualities of entangled states , then explain how to describe entanglement of multi - particle quantum state . in section 3 we show many existing different schemes for preparation of entangled states by spontaneous parametric down conversation , cavity quantum electrodynamics and iron traps , moreover we present new schemes to prepare multi - atom entangled states as well as multi - cavity entangled states
在第二章中我们将给出纠缠态的定义和度量，研究纠缠态的一些特性，第三章中我们将系统介绍目前理论上利用自发参量下转换，通过腔量子电动力学和离子阱制备纠缠态的各种方案，以及在实验上的进展，并在论文中重点提出了利用原子和腔场相互作用来制备多原子纠缠态和多腔场纠缠态的方案。 |
